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The size and position of facial bones, jaws and teeth determine the facial appearance. If the jaws are not proportionate or out of alignment, it may cause difficulties in speaking, biting, chewing or breathing, jaw joint pain and affect the appearance. Such imbalances can be easily corrected surgically.
Orthognathic surgery is basically surgery performed on the bones of the jaws to change their position and size. It involves repositioning all or part of the upper or lower jaw or chin in alignment. Sometimes, the bone may be added, taken away or reshaped. When the jaws are moved forwards or backward, up or down, or rotated, the soft tissue in the chin, cheeks, lips and tip of the nose move accordingly.
Therefore, once the jaws are correctly positioned, the architecture of the facial skeleton is changed and harmony between the facial features is achieved. This results in a facial profile that is pleasing or in fact even more beautiful to look at.
Jaw surgery can re-adjust or re-align the jaw. It is sometimes referred to as orthognathic surgery. It is done by oral or maxillofacial surgeons operating with an orthodontic surgeon most of the time.
There are a number of reasons why jaw surgery might be suggested. For example, jaw surgery can change the misaligned bite due to irregular jaw growth or repair the injury.
If the upper jaw is comparatively bigger than the lower jaw, it may lead to a “gummy” smile. Excess gum tissue may be visible which may deflect from the beauty of the smile. This disparity in the size and shape of the jawbones can be corrected by Orthognathic surgery. The jaw size is decreased and the jaw is placed in a normal position drastically improving smile and appearance.
The shape of the nose is influenced by the shape of the upper jaw. Sometimes, the sharpness of the nose is not apparent because the upper jaw is too big and protruding. In such cases, correcting the shape, size and position of the upper jaw also result in giving the nose a sharp pristine look. More severe variations in the shape of the nose can be corrected along with jaw correction in the same surgical procedure. Before deciding the line of treatment, a detailed assessment and analysis of the face & facial bones need to be done. Many times, there is often a short period of orthodontic treatment done for subtle and fine detailing of the tooth positions.
The advantage of orthognathic surgery is that immediate results are seen. Also since these surgeries are approached from inside the mouth there are no visible external scars. Jaw correction surgery brings the teeth and jaws into proper position for better health and appearance. For some patients, the surgery can dramatically enhance appearance and self esteem. Such surgeries hold the key for youngsters who go through a lot of psychological stress over their facial appearance.
Orthognathic surgery, often referred to as jaw surgery, encompasses a range of procedures designed to rectify jaw and facial misalignments or deformities. Here are some common types of orthognathic surgery:
Orthognathic surgery is primarily performed to rectify functional issues such as difficulty in chewing or breathing, and to enhance facial aesthetics. The specific type of surgery chosen depends on the individual’s condition and treatment objectives.
Maxillary osteotomy, a form of orthognathic surgery, involves the repositioning of the upper jawbone to correct malocclusions or improper bite of the teeth. This procedure is typically carried out by an oral and maxillofacial surgeon.
Maxillary osteotomy surgery may be necessary for several reasons, including:
Maxillary osteotomy is a major surgery that typically takes several hours. The patient will be under general anesthesia during the procedure. The surgeon will make an incision along the gum line and then separate the upper jawbone from the skull. The jawbone will then be moved into the desired position and secured with screws or plates.
The recovery time after maxillary osteotomy typically takes several weeks. The patient will need to wear a splint or wires to keep the jawbone in place. They will also need to eat a soft diet and avoid strenuous activity.
Overall, maxillary osteotomy is a safe and effective procedure that can significantly improve the appearance and function of the jaw. If you are considering maxillary osteotomy, it is important to consult with an experienced oral and maxillofacial surgeon to discuss your risks and benefits.
Mandibular osteotomy, commonly known as lower jaw surgery, is a precision procedure aimed at realigning the mandible or lower jawbone. This corrective surgery addresses various conditions, including overbite, underbite, crossbite, open bite, TMJ disorders, and facial asymmetry.
Typically recommended for adults, mandibular osteotomy is performed under general anesthesia. The surgery involves an incision in the gum above the lower teeth, followed by precise bone cutting and repositioning. Securing the bone in place is achieved using screws and small metal plates.
Recovery from mandibular osteotomy spans several weeks or months, with patients adhering to a soft diet and avoiding strenuous activities. Common post-surgery experiences include pain, swelling, and bruising.
While mandibular osteotomy is a safe and effective means of significantly improving lower jaw alignment and facial symmetry, it is not without risks. Potential complications include infection, bleeding, nerve damage, and numbness or tingling in the lips, teeth, or gums.
For those contemplating mandibular osteotomy, open dialogue about the procedure’s risks and benefits with a dentist or oral and maxillofacial surgeon is crucial. Additionally, ensuring optimal health before undergoing surgery is of paramount importance.
Sometimes the growth of the upper jaw (maxilla) may be deficient resulting in improper alignment of the jaws and teeth. This is very commonly seen in patients with cleft lip palate defect. As a result the upper jaw is too short for the face which may hide the teeth and create an abnormal bite. This may be treated by surgically lengthening the jaw, making it more balanced as compared to the lower jaw.
The treatment option may vary depending on severity and characteristic of the deformity. The effective line of treatment is decided upon after a detailed analysis of the deformity and attributes.
Maxillary retrognathism, commonly known as upper jaw retrusion, manifests as an underdeveloped or posteriorly positioned upper jawbone (maxilla), resulting in a recessed appearance of the upper teeth and potential facial asymmetry. This condition contrasts with upper jaw protrusion, where the upper jaw extends excessively forward.
If concerned, consulting with an experienced dentist or oral and maxillofacial surgeon allows for a comprehensive evaluation and discussion of suitable treatment options tailored to individual needs.
